What Civilizations attempted to Colonize and Rule Spain?

Around 800 B.C. Phoenicians began colonizing Spain, establishing the city of Gades (Cadiz) in the southwest corner of Spain.
Greeks also established settlements like Emporion on the east coast of Spain.
Carthage, a Phoenician speaking city on the north coast of Africa attempted to colonize and rule Spain during the third century B.C. Hamilcar Barca, the father of the famous Hannibal went to Spain to promote the development of a Carthaginian province there. The Carthaginians exploited the silver mines in the area of the Baetis (Guadalquivir) River. There was significant resistance by the native Spanish tribes, and Hamilcar lost his life during a battle with the Carpetani tribe.
Hamilcar’s place as Governor in Spain was taken by his son-in-law, Hasdrubal the Fair. (I could never figure out whether the epithet “fair” meant that he was just and fair-minded or that he was good looking, but I think it was the latter.) Hasdrubal the Fair attempted to conciliate the native tribes and even encouraged his underlings to marry women from the tribes to cement alliances. Thus Hannibal married Imilce from the town of Castulo. Hasdrubal desired peace with the Romans and made an agreement with them that they could have a sphere of influence north of the Iberus River, while Carthage would control everything south of the Iberus. He founded the city of Khart Hadasht, or New Carthage, now called Cartegena.
After about eight years Hasdrubal the Fair was assassinated. His place was taken by Hamilcar’s son Hannibal, aged 26. Hannibal had no intention of making peace with the Romans, he wanted a war that would avenge Carthage’s humiliation in the First Punic War (263–241 B.C.) To instigate this war, he laid siege to Saguntum, an ally of Rome. The Romans declared war. After destroying Saguntum after a nine month siege, Hannibal gathered up 70,000 men and 37 elephants and made his famous trek over the Alps to invade Italy. He left his brother, Hasdrubal, to defend Spain.
The Roman Consul Publius Cornelius Scipio intended to go to Spain to confront Hannibal, but found that he had already crossed the Pyrenees and was on his way to Italy. Scipio sent his legions under the command of his brother, Gneius Cornelius Scipio to Spain to confront Carthaginian forces there and to prevent men and supplies from leaving Spain and reinforcing Hannibal. The Romans established a sphere of influence in northern Spain and attempted to win over the local tribes.
Hannibal’s victories during the first two years he was in Italy are well known, but then he got bogged down in a war of attrition as the Romans, under the influence of Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator refused to fight him on his terms.
Meanwhile, in Spain, Hannibal’s brother Hasdrubal lost a major battle to the Romans at Dertosa, which caused Carthage to send two armies of 25,000 each to Spain-armies that were supposed to go to Italy to reinforce Hannibal.
After his consulship ended, Publius Scipio returned to Spain to join his brother Gneius as co-commander of the Roman legions there. In 211 B.C. the Scipio brothers decided to go on the offensive against the three Carthaginian generals who had bases in southern Spain, Hasdrubal Barca, Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Son of Gisco. The subsequent battles, fought in the area of the Baetis River proved disastrous for the Romans, who lost three fourths of their 32,000 legionaries. Both Scipios perished in the battles. The remaining 8000 Roman legionaries managed to defend the northeastern corner of Spain.
Publius Scipio’s son, also called Publius volunteered to go to Spain and take his father’s place as commander there. In four years he defeated all of the Carthaginian forces there and cleared the peninsula of all Carthaginian military presence. Rome established two provinces in Spain, Citerior and Ulterior Spain.
There was sporadic resistance to Roman rule in Spain for the next 150 years. In 196 B.C. the Roman Consul Marcus Porcius Cato destroyed 400 Spanish towns and settlements. In 150 B.C. the Praetor Publius Sulpicius Galba massacred three tribes of Lusitanians after persuading them to surrender their arms in a peace settlement. In 133 B.C. the Consul Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus besieged and destroyed the city of Numantia which had been a center of Celtiberian resistance to Rome.
By the mid first century B.C. Spain was pretty much pacified.
After Rome fell, Spain was invaded by Goths and Vandals. In the 7th century A.D. it was invaded by the Muslim Caliphate. In 1492 the combined forces of Castile and Aragon, united by the marriage of Catherine of Aragon and Ferdinand of Castile drove the Muslims out of southern Spain.